Testicular pain known as acute scrotum can occur with or with our scrotal swelling or in the absence of redness.

Hypospadias is a congenital birth defect whereby the opening of the urethra (where the urine comes out off) is on the underside of the penis instead of the tip (see image). It is quite common affecting 1 in 150 to 250 males at birth and is the 2nd most common birth defect of the male urological system. Sometimes, it is associated with an undescended testis.

Biliary Atresia is a progressive inflammatory fibrosis of the biliary tract and the disease starts in the extra hepatic bile ducts and extends into the intra hepatic ducts. Liver cells produce bile to help with fat digestion in the intestine. When bile cannot flow into the intestine, the bile builds up in the liver causing liver damage resulting in scarring and cirrhosis.

Hernias and hydrocoeles are the commonest conditions seen by paediatric surgeons as they occur in about 3-5% of children. The cause for both these conditions is the failure of the processus vaginalis to close before or just after birth.

A child transformed having been firstly correctly diagnosed and had keyhole surgery for a rare condition. His feeding problem transformed for the better after many years of suffering. Article form 2013

Presentation to the Indonesian Paediatric Surgical association on minimally invasive surgery for hirschprungs and anorectal anomalies back in 2013

Laparoscopic repair of paediatric surgical conditions, article from 2013

Sin Chew discusses a few conditions and treatment

Keyhole surgery avoids unnecessary pain and suffering in kids undergoing surgery. all kids should have access to this hence I train surgeons around the country.

The Star newspaper article: removing abnormal lung in babies via the keyhole method

Cari website looks at kids with severe Hirschprungs disease and poor bowel function

Development of keyhole surgery in new Hospital at the Gold Coast

The Star newspaper

youtube introduction